“Historical Encyclopedia of Terrorism”
 by Shon Anderson and Stephan Sloan

 Skeakpoy press, Metuchen H.D.
“Just Commandoes of Armenian Genocide” (JCAG)

JCAG is an Armenian national revolutionary organization, established in 1975 with purpose of formation of the independent Armenian state including the territory of eastern Turkey, which was invaded by former Republic of Armenia during the First World War. JCAG pursued this aim, assaulting to the Turkish diplomats and causing shallow loss to the economy of Turkey, which in the judgment of Armenians was responsible for Armenian massacre in 1915.

JCAG differs drastically from the other major Armenian terrorist group, the Secret Armenian Army for Liberation of Armenia with two main factors. First, for its ideology it is rather nationalistic than the Marxist-Leninist force.  In addition, JCAG relays on support of Armenian society more than of states conflicting with Turkey. Secondly, being western nationalists, the members of JCAG appreciate West’s and world society’s opinion and avoid of harming non Turkish, with purpose of avoiding negative publicity of their activity. Nevertheless, the members of JCAG have committed attacks on Turkish, living in the USA, thus forcing to add the representatives of this organization to the dangerous terrorists, threatening law and order all over the world.

The analysis of 29 serious actions committed by JCAG during the period from 1975 to 1983 showed that 52% of their activity consists of assassination of Turkish diplomats, two of which were murdered in the USA, and one in Canada. Other 45% of their activity consists in undermining and arson of Turkish diplomatic, tourist and commercial organizations, the remaining 3% constitute unperformed threats to Turkish. The terrorist activities of JCAG in USA were held particularly actively from January to May of 1982. On January, 29 of 1982 Kamal Arikan, the ambassador of Turkey in Los Angeles was shot on his way home. On March 22, 1982 the office of Orkhan Gunduz in Boston was blown up, and himself was murdered on May 4 of the same year. With conspiracy purposes his house was blasted on October, 1982. Since then on JCAG was heard neither in the USA, nor abroad.          

On July 15, 1983 another Armenian terrorist organization ACALA put a bomb on the Orley airport (Paris), as a result of which seven persons died and 60 persons were wounded. This action brought to disunity in ACALA, as most of its members were leading the line of pursued only Turkish. As a result of it, there was appeared a new organization of ACALA, the Revolutionary Movement. Also on July, 1983, after the collapse of JCAG, the organization called “Armenian Revolutionary Army” (ARA) was appeared. Most analytics consider that JCAG just changed its name to ARA, and it’s the same organization. It is also possible that the members of ACALA-R and JCAG united in ARA. The analyze of ARA’s 7 actions in 1983-1985 years shows that 43% of their activity was connected with assassinates; 14% with the situations of hostage taking, and remained 14% with car blasting and unrealized threatens. Though, ARA as well as JCAG didn’t want to harm non Turkish, as a result of its terrorist activity during this period 6 persons of non Turkish nationality died.

In fact, very few people know about these organizations, their internal structure, possible relation with other states and terrorist groups. It’s known very little about these Armenian terrorist groups also for constant internecine strife, which adversely affected their activity in mid 80’s.

Information about formation and activity  of Armenian Revolutionary Party “Dashnaksutun” (from the archive of police department)

1905-1906 years passed extremely hard in Caucasus and were marked by stream of blood, appearing as a result of hundred years lasting hatred between Armenians and Tatars.

In this fight “Dashnaksutun” demonstrated its power opposing the rather educated and right organized detachment trained in strict discipline to the not organized Tatar bands.

During the revolutionary action of “Dashnaksutun”, many persons holding administrative posts were murdered by party terror. Namely: General Alikhanov, the governor of Baku Duke Nakashidze, vice-governor Andreyev, District Chiefs: Boguslavskiy, Shmerling, Neschanskiy, Pavlov, The Chief of City Police: Sakharov, police officers Djavakhov and Shumakvich, the Colonel of Frontier Guards Bikov and many others. Besides, they realized another aim – demarcation Armenians from Tatars on the territory of Caucasus, emancipation of the territories occupied by the latter, for settling them by Armenian from Turkey and partly from Iran.

The group “Mladodashnaksakans” stood out and later on (1908) merged with the party of socialist – revolutionists and stopped its activity as a free party.

In 1906, after cessation of the Armenian – Tatar massacre, the remained zinvors (soldiers) dashnaksakan ,demoralized by their former activities – being left without means began to act as robbers and blackmailers using the name of “Dashnaksutun” as a cover.

At present, “Dashnaksutun” conducts its activity in Russia and Caucasus exceptionally in revolutionary direction, for attaining its final object, i.e. overthrow the existing system in the state and establishing of Armenian Democratic Republic federated with Russia’s, and for achieving this ultimate aim it resorts to all arrangements, including terror.

The locations of central committees of “Dashnaksutun” are partly fixed. Though there are no documents about location of the others, we can surely point at the cities where they existed. These cities in Caucasus are: Baku-“Voskanapad”,Tiflis-“BigCity”,”Medz-Kagak”,Batum-“Navgankist”,Kars-“Jarapet”,Yerevan-“Mirkastan”,Aleksandropol-“Kar”,and Shusha-“Aparaj”. In total there are 7 of them in Iran-Tehran and Tabriz. In the Armenian part of Turkey, and Asia Minor -Arzurum and Van. All these 13 or 14 (may be more) central committees are under supervision, but not under the obedience of the high establishment-“Eastern Office”, which is located in Tiflis.

Each central committee has its own autonomy, certainly on condition of not breaking out the limits of the supervised programs, and appears as an aggregate of all our governor establishments with the court by its total power, i.e. including death penalty. Their Party Paper is published. The group of Central Committees is lead by “responsible” organization with rights of General –Governor, consisting of 5-6 persons: but the number of their organs established only last year is still unknown. We can surely say that one them is in Tiflis for ruling the Caucasus territory. There must exist one (Central Committee of “Dashnaksutun”) in Baku for Northern Caucasus, Baku province, eastern part of Yelizavetpol, another in Kars or Yerevan for ruling the part of already independent Armenia (Central committees: Kars, Yerevan, Nakchivan, Shusha)

Besides the main organs of the party there also exist additional, preferentially special appointed organs, which according to the degree of their importance and in conformity with views of party depend on this or that major organ. The additional organs are: ”Professional and rural unions of The Red Christ”, ”Pupil organization”, ”Inter-partial organ ” ,”Research organ”, ”Press organ”, ”Cultural-educational society”, ”Patriotic”, ”Supplementary members”, “Self-defense committees”, ”Dely organization” ,”Terrorist activity committee”, ”Intimidation organization”, and two “Student organizations”

Professional unions are formed by the low agents of the party and firstly get hired by the professional khumbs to proper employments. There the hired agents take their political-revolutionary training, and then they are enlisted to a corresponding union chasing a special economic struggle, but not under the cooperative commencement, but as open struggle and political-revolutionary enlighten, as for the cooperation-it may be lead in parallel. Every union is guided by certain “Bureau” statutes, and it’s tactics are leaded by the Central Committee. The statute is taught with corresponding agitation material in Khumbas, in party activity. To the first category of Khumbas belong: Drug-store, salesman, barbers, wine-makers, bakers , silk-makers , flourmen , smithes , mechanics and so on, it depends on the kind of their occupation. To the second category belong: the soldiers of the Red Christ, terrorists, Delies, Soldiers of self –defense, and spindles.

Though the Khmubs of the “Red Cross” are under jurisdiction of the sub-committee, but they are managed by the committee or the Central Committee. The sub-committee conducts only educational works. The aim of the Red Cross is the any kind of collecting of moneys for prisoners and generally injured persons, the deportees, supply of prisoners with food, moneys, revolutionary literature, transfer of correspondences, application on the cases, and approval of all decision, promoting the release of prisoners both through bribery or the spiritual influence on administration or the court and with the help of escape from the places of prison right up to open attack by armed force. The last actions are carried out in conformity with the other bodies. The following organization, having its own structure and enjoining some autonomy was immature. It is under jurisdiction of the central Committee. Its organization is as follows: it forms its own khumbs: the propagandists, combatants and the persons executing the preparatory works. The representatives of khumb (khumbanet) make up the sub-committee.

The meeting of sub-committees elects amongst 4-6 men the Committee (entikitite); the general meeting of delegates elects one representative to the “Controniko-Committee”, the “Central Committee” and the “executive guiding body”, there is a editorial staff’s office in the latter organization. All dealings with the local bodies of the party are conducted directly. The purpose of the students’ organization is to promote by any means the attainment of the aims of the party “Dashnaksutun” and to bring up the future intellectual and preparatory leaders.

The “International Body” and “the Body of Research” were more intellectual and they were depended only on the “Responsible Body”. These bodies were formed within the last time. The first organization, having very considerable significance in the revolutionary affair is obliged to prevent all arisen disagreements and disputes amongst the revolutionaries.

They have their own topography, editor’s office, library and books publishing house.

Two organizations of “Dashnaksutun” of Russian and European students are not “visible”, they are engaged in enlistment and propaganda amongst its students in the national-revolutionary spirit and revolutionary and cosmopolitan propaganda amongst the remained part.         

The relation with the organization is supported only by the representatives in the district meeting and the General Congress.

The so-called “auxiliary members”, amongst of which may be anybody, who shares the aspiration of “Dashnaksutun” and helps it materially and does what one can to help in the affair of propaganda or in any other directions were not related to the organization. These members may be only invited sometimes to the meetings in the organizations in conformity with their capabilities and they can be given tasks, though amongst them there were persons, different on position from the last worker or the robber to the millionaires and men, taking the outstanding state posts, for example, JORES, the famous French deputy and the leader of socialists.

Besides all enumerated both the main and auxiliary authorities and organizations, which may be called “peaceful” there is another organization, subordinated only to the “Union Soviet”, acting to the mind of Armenians in the other region and namely the religious mind, this clerical party “Patorik” under the Echmiadzin synod. After damnation of the Russian House Regnant and all Russians in 1903 by such clerical lessons, which permit Armenians not only fail to fulfil the orders of the government, but be against them.

There are known the following members of the military groups of parties: “self-defence”, “organization of frightening”, “trained terrorist committee”, “responsible committee”, “self-defence” and “Deli”.

The group “self-defence” was the state militia and it was arisen within the last disorders in Caucasus. The voluntaries amongst all Armenians are to join the detachment of militia, who has to observe the determined conditions and have their own arms. The khumbas (detachments) of militia are gathered periodically for exercises under the head of dashnaks and they are thought the skills to act with an arm. The militia has its own sub-committees and committees realising intercourse with the Central Committee. The higher administration “Central Committee of self-defence” is under the control of “the responsible body”. The self-defence comes forward in the cases of national agitations and the mass collisions.

The remained military organizations exist for the active and conspiratorial appearances of the party, predominantly murders.

The General Congress appoints three men, being in charge of all terrorist activity of the party.

These three men are named “Preparatory Terrorist Committee”. They are subordinated only to the “Union’s Soviet” and manage directly and from the executive functions: ”the active committee” and the “organization of frightening”, which is to realise all murders. The terrorist active committees are at the disposal of one of the Central Committee. The higher guidance and the preparation of the terror, as it was mentioned above belong to the “preparatory committee”. The “Active Committee” has its sub-committees and the terrorist detachments, formed from the other detachments. The “active committee” according to the order of the Central Committee carries into effect only under the lowest administration and the local population. The instruction of the more serious nature is executed by the order issued by the “responsible committee”. The obligations of the “active committees” included procurement and obtaining both the explosive matters and arms. However, the party acquired its own factories and shops for this aim. As the addition to the terrorist “active committee” under the “Central Committee” there was a conspiratorial organization “Deli” or the scouts. Its special obligation to set up, predominantly with the help of ranks of police, the ranks of Guard Departments, the gendarmerie, as well as the persons, whose activity harms to “Dashnaksutun” and to keep a look-out. There is not any other information on this organization and those concerning its structure and content.

“Dashnaksutun”, striving for restoration of “the Great Independent Armenia” and considering one of the means of reaching the mentioned armed revolt, doesn’t take into account that by the people militia one may achieve the independence and therefore it founded its own regular army regardless of all revolution programs. The process of forming of the army consisting of soldiers was laid 16 years ago in the first congress in 1892. The recruitment and the parallel armament were carried out at the expenses of the party and without interruption, but the matter was at the disposal of the inexperienced persons, therefore, as it was proved by the consequences, the army was of inferior quality in the sense of political reliability and discipline. Within the revolutionary events arisen in Russia, “Dashnaksutun”, not mobilizing its army carefully, brought its number to 100.000 men. In this case, according to the revolutionary program that each soldier should receive the determined salaries while assembly under the banner, namely 30 roubles monthly was charged, on the information provided by the agency to the maintenance of the army 10 million roubles.

The restoration of Armenia didn’t happen owning the reason that in Russia the attempts to the restoration were scotched at once, the Russian army remained all in all in the side of the government. Within this period in Caucasus the Armenians couldn’t retain their concealed hate towards Moslems and there is occurred an intestine strife. The Moslems were slaughtered, and probably some part of the territory was cleaned from them and the remained part was divided out. It is not known up to present what it would be over if the party didn’t bear such huge costs fro maintenance its army, which would threaten the revolutionary funds by exhaustion. The delay of salaries for the soldiers lead to the fact that amongst them there were formed thy predatory gangs, robbing and murdering the other nationalities and also the Armenians. In consequence of this the authority of “Dashnaksutun” was undermined.

During the same time in the heads of the hierarchy there was revealed that in such general condition of affairs, the open insurrection will be overpowered and the Armenians will be gripped in a vice between Russia and Turkey. Not desiring to concede this, some military leaders decided to disregard the orders of the third congress on the active offensive to Russia and to use of a mask of loyalty, expressed in the fact that they began to organize “the Green Guards” amongst the faithful bearers of “Dashnaksutyun”, which was placed at the disposal of Russian powers for extermination of predatory and the brigandish gangs. In order to attach prestige to him there was declared the military dictatorship. Thus, there was made an attempt to grasp the power.

The organization reacted to this fact by the forth congress at the beginning of 1907. The congress answered at once by the forming of the “organization of frightening” declaring terror and condemning both the leaders of the military dictatorship and those leaders who will not be subordinated to the orders of the congress, to the death penalty. Besides there was given an order to the organizations: to catch and to annihilate the robbers and brigands. The rebellion was stifled. The robbers and brigands are annihilated up to present. With declaring of a terror it was formed in the military forces on new basis. Only the much disciplined zinvors (soldiers) were remained in the ranks of the regular army, predominantly amongst the men repelled the compulsory military service. The zinvor has to work and if he is solvent will get an arm at his own expenses. The armament of zinvors is comprehensively modern and there are party arsenals in the centre of Yerevan. Shortly before the congress in Bulgaria there was established the school, which made 53 graduates-officers in 1907.The following subjects were learned in the school: espial, military intelligence, surgery, strategy of administration, tactics, field services, divisional services, artillery, mine services, military history, geography, History of Armenia, revolution, military organization, explosive matters, pedagogy,  shooting, geometry, make-up and military discipline.

The officers’ personnel were also trained in the military schools in America. The military forces were headed by the “Main Military Soviet” consisting of 7 persons, predominantly the officers, who were already participated in battles of regular arms. The lowest instance of administration was the military soviets in the territory of central committees. The latter consisted of the meetings of commanders, called “sotnia”. The sotnia was an automated tactic and economic unit. The lowest hierarchy of the sotnia commanders, the soviet under it, which was consisted of half-sotnia and the charge-hand; the later was headed and instructed by 1- zinvors, who in their turn are selected amongst the voluntaries, passing the school of “khumba” (detachment)…

The prosperity and functioning of all Armenian state mechanism held on the corresponding regulations. The regulations or statutes, including instructions are drawn up in the spirit of agreement with directives, issued by the congresses and partly the district meetings.

At present time, after the recent open appearance, the party passed to the conspiracy in the internal making, but as regards the propaganda, particularly in relation to the help to the press, acts absolutely openly in all aspects. Besides, there was strengthened both the activity of all dashnaks to the right degree and severity of discipline, as well as repression against the government officials of Russia and Turkey that was marked by several murders.  The party press was subordinated to the serious censorship. The support of the state mechanism, army and military forces, conducting of propaganda and generally to reach its aims – all these demand moneys and therefore “Dashnaksutun” had its own financial system. First of all any member admitted to the party, as well as the auxiliary member of the party has to pay no lesser than …. from his salary or profits.

Then, the fund is completed by moneys collected as a result of lectures, spectacles, lotteries, charitable parties, bazaars and so forth collection of donations, levying of all Armenian people 2% collection for conducting of business in the courts together with state one, with the official circumlocution and the bribery and for the protection of them both against Muslims and all oppressions, exploitation and ordinary robbers.

The attitude towards the population was changed due to the political circumstance in the conciliatory sense and the propaganda was conducted in the spirit of the same policy differing by the permanent Jesuitism. The policy of Jesuitism is expressed in the sense of internal actions in the fact that all propaganda for Armenians is conducted with national colouring and for remained persons – general political, i.e. cosmopolitan, which is accompanied by demolition of main state and spiritual foundations: believes tsar and native land and at the same time the families. And this is Jesuitism or simply provocations are observed generally in the actions of “Dashnaksutun”.

So, for example, after conducting of arrests of the members of the “organ of frightening”, some outstanding members of “the responsible body” and the “Eastern Bureau” in Tiflis in 1908, by the later there was issued proclamation, where the Bureau, calling the Armenian people to the revolutionary fight against the state, indicates the approved repressive measurements by the later as regards the Armenians, expressed in the mass arrests and exile of Armenian intellectuals, explaining these actions of the government to the people by the intention of returning to the previous policy, forcible russification of Armenians, by the way of closing of schools, taking away of church property and restriction of the rights of the Catholicos, just as in 1903 the leaders of “Dashnaksutun”, explaining the law to the people in the perverted form, concerning the transfer of execution of property owned to the Armenian churches utilized this fact as the powerful material for excitation of hatred of Armenians against all Russians, and in this case, abiding by its provocative policy, “Dashnaksutun” is intended to make the arrests of its party members the matter of all-Armenians and to attach a sense of false interpretation, but not the fight of the government against the revolution parties, not depending on the fact what nationally the members of the party were belonged, aspiring for the overthrow of the social structure existed inside the state, explaining them by the encroachment upon the originality of all Armenian people, its cultural development and faith.

 Certified true

copy:     secretary of the special
              department of chancellery of governor
              of his imperial Excellency in Caucasus

              (signature)
               April 17, 1909

 How is made History

 The Armenian terrorism, as much it exists, invariably discloses all traits of organizational, skilfully coordinated movement. It was revealed with special obviousness during 1973-1985 when the Republic of Turkey and the Turkish citizens became targets of many terrorist assaults by Armenians. After several years of this bloody battle there will be came untwisted the new coil of cruel terror against Azerbaijan.  What is disappeared behind all these murders, explosions, what is the structure of terrorist organizations, their aims, policy and strategy?

 In order to answer these questions, it is necessary to understand the essence of “the Armenian matter”, otherwise “the Armenian affaire” (“Hay Takhd”). It is necessary to recognize why the undisguised terrorism was perceived by the worldwide community as the part of the universal national-liberation movement and the direct executers-the militants were raised to the rank of national heroes. However, the definition of “undisguised” is not completely correct. The bloody practice was exactly concealed skilfully as a result of long term propaganda and the powerful organized psychological pressure on the social opinion. And this lead to the fact that the politicians, literary men, publicists and other persons in many countries of the world, approved directly or by interaction the activity of international Armenian terrorist organizations. The special concernment in the support of Armenians was displayed by the governments of the countries bordering directly with Turkey or considering it as a serious competitor. They perceived in the Armenian terrorism the means of undermining the stability of Turkey, the force, being able to slow down the political-economic progress in the country.

 The ruling circles of these countries exaggerated the theme of “genocide” in any circumstances and in any level, as a result of which the “Armenian matter”, at variance with historical facts became the subject of discussion in the highest world level. It does not astonish that being the object of the political speculations, through the manipulation by the interests of various groups, this notorious “matter” stepped completely aside from the real historical ground, contradicting the scientific reality and the sound sense. Really there is any nuance. By twist of fate, the figures of “Hay Takhd” overestimated grossly the real purposes and the “sincerity” of its allies. These leaders didn’t take into account the circumstance that the activity of countries, supporting the Armenian terrorism was always directed towards the defence of own interests; in the cases, when the same support, even in the least level contradicted their own purposes and the claims, they lost any interests in the “Armenian matter” at once.

 Nevertheless during the ten years, the Armenian leaders and idea-mongers believed that the European countries and the USA will assist them in the long run in creating of the Armenian state, embodying the eastern and south-eastern regions of Anatoly.

 The ideologists of “Hay Takhd” were aware that the pretensions to the “state building” of similar kind would be better to interpret historically. That was made with all refinements in hundreds works by Armenian authors, contriving the chronics of events, never taking place, interpreting the real history from the point of view exceptionally advantageous for the great Armenian idea, for which it would be desired to “argue” that the historical Armenia embraced the big part of the eastern and the south-eastern regions of Anatoly that the same mythical Great Armenia included Garabagh (Artsakh), Nakhchivan, Zangazur, Rostov, Krim… and apparently all other territories.

 In this case one can refer to the non existing evidence of the ancient Roman historical documents. In such a case two purposes were pursued: convince the Armenians of the fact that their ancestors have really resided in the territories of the indicated regions; to persuade the world wide community to the opinion concerning the fact that Armenians were really expelled from their native lands. Meanwhile the “Armenian matter” didn’t exposed heretofore to the detailed analysis as the geopolitical phenomena, in which connection the definition “geopolitics” should be considered in the most broaden context, taking into account the great number of the involved historical circumstances, interests of the different political forces and powers. 

After conquest of Istanbul, the Ottoman Empire stretched two continents. Within the framework of the Empire, the Armenians were the Christian minority, differing from the remained religious groups by their customs, believes and traditions. They didn’t recognize the idea and the notions, related to the name of Christ (as it was made by the Catholics, Protestants and the orthodoxies).

 They didn’t show any interest in the idea of papacy and the papacy power, showing preference for their own believes (Gregorian), rituals and traditions. The Armenians were differed from the other groups of minority by their language and culture. Though the overwhelming majority of Armenians wrote and spoke in Turkish language, they perceived the Turkish music as their own music, shared the customs and believes of Turks.

 Being under guardianship of Ottoman Empire, the Armenians enjoyed all social, cultural, economic rights; and in addition, in comparison with other minorities they have many possibilities: could to take up higher posts without any restrictions and obstacles in such sphere of activity as the civil service, the Treasury, fine arts and commerce; they were represented in the Palace of Sultan and so on. The situation was as it was described above in all provinces. It is not astonished that the Armenians were considered traditionally as “the most devoted and loyal citizens” of the Ottoman Empire.

 The existence of the Christian commune inside the powerful Empire with the sectarian ideas and believe was a great danger from the point of view of papacy for all Christian worlds: the Empire would use of these sects, side by side with application of military power being at its disposal for undermining this structure. It is not astonished for the reason that the papacy made many attempts for undermining “the balance of religious forces” in Ottoman Empire. There was planned not only to undermine the fundament of well-being of Moslems – Turks and also to cause discord amongst the Armenian Gregorian church, pushing it to recognition of the Catholicism. These plans began to be carried out in XVI century, and these rushes were accompanied by the policy of such influential European countries as France. If the papacy expected, by means of appeal to Armenians, to remove the potential danger, France, in its turn aspired for the forming of groups of minority, which would serve the interests of Christian states within the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire.

 According to these purposes France began to actively encourage and support the process of transition of Armenians to the bosom of Catholic Church, influencing politically in case of necessity and the political pressure. In consequence of all these events, the Armenian community was divided into two groups, feeling animosity against one another. The other plans as regards the Armenians residing in Turkey were nurtured by England and Russia. 

By the end XVII century England took several steps after address of Armenians-Gregorian and Armenians-Catholic to the Protestantism. The Armenian community disintegrated repeatedly into three hostile groups: Gregorian, Catholics and Protestants. Russia aspired also for controlling over the activity of the Armenian community, attracting it to the bosom of the Orthodox Church. In short, by the end of XVIII century there were not kept any traces and signs of the former unity of Armenian Church and the Community. So, within three centuries, the European countries and Russia succeeded in creating of several groups inside the Armenian community, each of which served the interests of any interested parties. The “religious factor” used by the parties in the propaganda campaign concealed the completely determined geopolitical purposes: and each of the parties nourished the illusion of creating of Great Armenia in the “returned historical lands” amongst the Armenian milieu; so, the different confessional Armenian community in XIX century acquired the obvious traits of the “fifth column” in the heart of the ottoman Empire. The power of Turkey understood that the Armenians revolts and the acts of terrorism were conditioned on the geopolitical purposes of Russia and the European countries, aspiring for undermining the power of Empire. There are lots of documents, evidencing that the Armenian underground intelligence service was supported financially and morally by the above mentioned countries, the opponents of Turkey.

 In 1885 in Vienna there was established the party “Armenikan”, in 1887 in Switzerland – the party “Gnchak” and 1890 in Tiflis – the party “Dashnaksutun”. The analysis of the official documents, related to the history of foundation of these parties enables us to make conclusion on unanimity of their purposes and tasks. Thus, the forth chapter of the political program of the terrorist organization “Gnchak” contained the following provisions: “the Armenians may reach their purposes – the revolution via the undermining activity, in other words at the expense of changing the common structure of the Armenian regions of Turkey through the military attacks, declaring of war to the Turkish government. In this fight there should annihilate hip and thigh the Turkish intelligencers and the betrayers, use of terrorism for defence of revolution organizations, fore protection of Armenians against the oppressors and betrayers”.

 M.Varandyan, the Armenian author in his investigation called “History of Dashnaksutun” informed about the main traits of Dashnak terrorist organization: “the paramount slogan of the committee Dashnaksutun” is the death by shooting and annihilation of Turks irrespective any exterior circumstances; annihilation of reactionaries-renegades and other servants”. In the first congress held in 1892, the Dashnaks worked out and approved the strategy “training and preparation of armed formations, educating of revolution committees, using of terror against the government officials, spies, traitors, deserters”. There was officially declared on the “movement of fidains”, first in the history. The special fame of “fidains” was gained from the planned annihilation of innocent men.

 In the IX wold-wide congress of Dashnaks, held in Yerevan in 1919, the terrorist group “Nemses” was entrusted to kill all Turks-emigrants, filling higher posts previously in the government of these countries. This anti-Turkey campaign was headed Sakhan Hatali, the American by origin. On May 15, 1921 in Berlin, Talat Pasha was murdered, on December 05 of the same year Said Halim Pasha in Rome, on April 17, 1922 – Bahaddin Shakir and Jemal Azmi in Berlin, on July 25 of the same year – Jemal Pasha in Tiflis.

  Terrorists and others

 Within the period of I World War the forcing of the “Armenian matter” led to open war against Turks. The Armenians were supported by the European states, pretending at all times to the Ottoman lands and creating confidential military organizations for achieving these aims under cover of missionary activity. Armenian troops annihilated Turks, the Muslim part of population, evidently, supposing that if the more Turks would be annihilated, the more Muslim cities and villages would be burnt out, their hopes for achieving “the historical aim”, put by them would be more real and visible. Russia was one of the powers, bearing direct responsibility for coordination of entire criminal activities of Armenians; it was a part of Russia’s idea for undermining the territorial integrity and political power of Ottoman Empire.

  It’s not accidental that Armenian terrorist activity in the central provinces of Anatolia concurred with military actions of tsarist government in Transcaucasia and Iran. Besides the help of Russians, the Armenian troops also have enjoyed the support of allied powers, supplying them with arms and ammunition. USA also didn’t remained aloof in those matters. Of course, the USA unlike the European states, openly pretending to territories of Ottoman Empire, has not shown here the direct interest.

 How, for example, you can explain Uruguay’s appeal in one of UNO commissions sessions for announcing the 15th April as “the international day of genocide”? What has prompted the country that never had geographic and historical ties with Turkey to support interests of Armenians, pretending to the Turkish lands? The answers to those questions lie in world community’s lack of information on the hidden motive of the problem. As Anatolian 15th April is hazed by efforts of Armenian publicists, historians and their western yes-men, it is important to dwell on a question even within the sketch. The subject of Armenians “genocide” appears invariably in every Armenian propagandist campaign. But what happened there in reality?

 The events of that period had the deepest impact on development of Ottoman power’s subsequent history, marked the decline of the Empire. Armenians mass actions in the regions of Bitlis, Van, Mush, Erzurum, Beyazit, Zeytun, Sivas, their close collaboration with Russians compelled Ottoman government to take appropriate countermeasures. The Supreme Military Command of Turkey taking into consideration worsening situation, increasing threat to country’s security appealed to Ministry of Internal Affairs of the country with the proposal saying that: “It is necessary to resettle Armenians from the eastern provinces of Anatolia, Zeytun, and other places of their concentration to southern part of Diyarbekir, Euphrates valley, close to Urfa and Suleymaniye as well”.

 The similar has happened earlier too. So, in 1828, during the war against Russia leaders of Ottoman Empire were had to resort to such a measure to prevent traitorous activity of Armenian armed groups, actively collaborating with Russian forces in order to undermine military power of Turks along borders with Russia. That period a group of Armenians was settled in the central provinces of Anatolia, and the other was evicted as Armenian Catholicos refused to be guarantor that his tribesmen would at last end their subversive activity against Turkish State. But after certain time Sultan, following the principles of humanism allowed those men to return to their former place of residence.

 Those measures bear no relation to those claims presented in different “sources” as “Law on deportation of Armenians”: in the course of realization of those measures none of Armenians was deported, as due to conventional international norms deportation means to banish one or another person beyond the bounds of country of his long term residence place not depending on if he is citizen or not of that country. Ideologists of “Armenian issue” link the term “deportation” closely with other, no less far-fetched notion as “genocide”. According to Armenian ideologists during the realization of “genocide” in 1915 2 million Armenians have died (earlier this figure has amounted to 500 thousand). Who knows which accusations are awaiting Turks in future?

 Kamran Gurun, the well-known statesman of Turkey indicates the following: “During the resettlement many of Armenians perished from epidemic diseases, unusual climate in new places, severities of travel. Other part of them fell prey to    unlawful acts of different official persons, dead in the course of armed combats between Turkish Army and armed units of Russians, which the Armenian armed volunteers were on side thereof. Besides it, number of Armenians perished in the course of armed revolts and rebellions of 1914-1916 years”.

 The telegram, sent by Russian tsar to Russian Army Command after seizure of Van on May 18, 1915 throws light on the state of affairs. The following is literally extracted from the said telegram: “I would like to warmly thank the population of Van (read Armenians!) for sacrifices made by them in support of Russians”.

 In the French newspaper “Temps” (Times) of August 13, 1915 there has been published a brief article about Aram Manukyan, the ringleader of “innocent Armenians”. The article has covered the following: “Aram refused the easy and carefree life of businessman and headed group of the revolted in Van when the war broke out. Russia, now getting the control on that province appointed him to the post of governor to mark his services and his compatriots’ contribution to the affair of fight against Turkey”.

 The first quarter of the XX century witnessed the most terrible and inhuman period in the history of Armenian terrorist activity. In the second quarter of the XX century, especially after Lausanne conference and peace treaty Armenian activists try to raise cracked authority of terrorist organizations and attract interest to “Armenian issue” in Europe and USA with all their might. Every anti-Turkish action was supported by them. From the beginning of the Second World War the pressure of Armenian organizations on governments of the countries, continuing their claims to Turkish territories becomes stronger. In particular, Dashnak activists pin special hopes on imperial claims of the USSR in connection with Turkey. As is well known, those expectations had zero results for dashnaks. Now Turkey and Russia have entered new stage of their historical relations, marked by good-neighbourliness and mutual advantage. As it is mentioned, between 1973-1975 years confusion of Armenian terrorism took place causing the death of tens of innocent people.

 Terrorism of state scale, expanded against Azerbaijan and its nation, is to be considered the newest stage of bloody practice. Which surprises will Armenian terrorism give to neighbouring and distant nations in the future? It depends on if how long the drastic laws on terrorism, described on papers will be violated and, of course, on long-suffering of peoples themselves.